Hand to Mouth An Analysis of Poverty Social Inequality - Free Essay Example

In Linda Tirados Hand to Mouth: Living in Bootstrap America, Tirado undergoes poverty on multiple counts and elaborates on her experiences from living in poverty. Throughout the book, Tirado speaks from a first-person perspective and thoroughly explains how living in poverty negatively impacts her personal and professional life. For example, she illustrates in great detail what its like to raise kids, work several jobs, put food on the table, and pay for a roof over her head while struggling in poverty. Within her work, she is able to pinpoint a central theme that shows how her struggles in poverty all result from a lack of sufficient income. Living in poverty generally indicates that the income one makes is not satisfactory enough to make a comfortable living. Lower paying jobs on average are much more physically demanding and can even have negative impacts on ones own happiness and emotional state. This tends to be a direct consequence for individuals working jobs that barely pay minimum wage or less. Many of these jobs require employees to be on their feet for multiple hours with one break throughout the shift. Living in poverty severely reduces ones chances of reaching a higher standard of employment with a higher hourly wage because social mobility is very limited when you are impoverished. Tirado gives numerous examples of this very same effect in her professional life as she faces several endeavors from just trying to make ends meet. For example, she discusses one of her jobs in which she worked as a cook in a kitchen and had much to say about the horrific state of her occupation. My arms and hands are covered in s cars from the fryers. Oil at nearly 400 degrees doesnt tickle when it hits your skin, and you cant avoid the spatter entirely. Ive burned my hands because the oven gloves had worn through and the owners were too cheap to spring for another pair. Ive sliced my fingers open nearly to the bone when knives have slipped. Ive hurt myself in more ways than I can count because that was how I got my seven or eight bucks an hour (Tirado 2014: pg. 19). This excerpt provided allows readers of Tirados work to gain a much more in-depth perspective of how many jobs that are associated with impoverished individuals tend to be much more physically demanding and hands-on required than jobs such as an executive of a major corporation. Jobs such as these can potentially have very harsh repercussions that result in physical discomfort and even pain in some circumstances and can lead to emotional trauma due to the conditions and immediate effects from working in such a place. In addition to many adults w ho suffer from physical and emotional consequences due to working jobs that are incredibly demanding, many children who are in poverty face similar issues related to this concept. Children in poverty may not have the ability or capacity to work an official job, but the issue that children face resides around the fact that they are much more susceptible to emotional, psychological, and even physical damage because they themselves are trapped in poverty along with their parents. The environment that is associated with poverty, along with major exposure to stress acting as a primary factor for children helps to better understand why children are extremely prone to physical and psychological consequences developing over time as a direct result of living in poverty (Pilyoung et al 2013). It is clear to perceive that individuals and families who suffer from staying locked in poverty will face numerous challenges regarding their physical, emotional, and psychological health that are direct ly correlated with the jobs they work, the way in which they live, the amount of disposable income they can allocate toward attaining vital resources, and even their likelihood of obtaining some form of government aid if applicable. On top of this, poverty in America can be measured in terms of socioeconomic status, income thresholds, family size, age, gender, and other related factors. In this case, differences in standard and non- standardized employment in the United States has some degree of influence corresponding to negative physical and emotional effects. Many of the jobs that involve increased physical action and procedure in order to effectively complete said occupation are more often than not labeled as bad jobs (Kalleberg et al 2000). In addition to this finding, employees of various occupations in the United States that are able to procure benefits that are directly affiliated with these positions, often receive higher pay than jobs that do not come with benefits such as forms of health insurance and perks related to retirement and pension payments (Kalleberg et al 2000). It is through these aspects that make it more understandable as to why we see such a discrepancy between standard and non standard-employment. Also, this distinction allows us to understand who is more involved in non-standard employment and why there are more impoverished individuals suffering from working bad jobs and are gaining no immediate benefits from working such occupations. Lastly, there is one final element that corresponds to people who suffer from consequences that are in twine with working lower wage jobs. This condition is based on the amount of education an individual has. Those who have lower rates of education are more primarily associated with blue-collar employment that is more often part-time, and follows a trend in which the probability of receiving benefits, such as health insurance from their employers is very low (Lee et al 2005). Education in the United S tates is a large predictor of various factors like socioeconomic status, class position, future opportunities, and many more. Unfortunately, poverty and a lower percentage of educational attainment are negatively correlated and thus, those in poverty have a much lower chance of finding higher quality jobs that offer assorted assistance perks such as retirement prosperity. Furthermore, entrapment in poverty makes it even more difficult for one to gain access to greater forms of education in order to pursue higher quality employment. From Tirados experiences and other collected data, it is clearly visible that poverty primarily identifies most with jobs that are considered bad due to their lack of benefits, low pay grade and increased physically demanding requirements. Education, socioeconomic status, class status, and other factors that play a role must be assessed in order to understand this connection. Future policy changes surrounding these components will hopefully change the sta tistic and help impoverished individuals increase their chances of fighting and even escaping poverty. Throughout Tirados work, she thoroughly analyzes how being in poverty can severely reduce ones chances of gaining steady and affordable health care, benefits from government aid programs, and even goes into depth on explaining how impoverished groups of people are consistently stereotyped. She is able to represent these findings through many different examples within her work and apply it to a larger scale. For example, she uses dentistry as a primary example of a characteristic that is paired with poverty. Dentistry is one of the things we are most lacking in. And its one of the most glaring marks of poverty. I watch the tooth-bleaching ads and cringe, because I know exactly what Im being pegged as. Incapable. Uneducated. Oblivious. What I should be pegged as: uninsured, and until recently, uninsurable (Tirado 2014: pg. 38). This illustration is both a form of stereotyping and a result of a lack of affordable health care. Impoverished folks are more likely to have little access to p roper health care that is affordable and sufficient to them. In terms of stereotyping, this applies because Tirado implies that dentistry and poor dental hygiene are glaring marks of poverty that can be seen across groups of people who are living in poverty. Stereotypes that these people endure are often that they are incapable of aspiring to greater heights, they are uneducated, and that they are incredibly oblivious. This has much to do with their standing in society. It is unfortunate because there are plenty of people within the population of poverty who in fact are educated and who are attempting to make a life for themselves, but simply cannot because of financial disadvantages and social inequality. Tirado brings some much needed attention to the stereotype on how rich people, more often than they should, criticize and look down on impoverished folks due to the fact that they are unable to acquire preventive health care, essential vitamins, and other forms of necessary remedi es, through honest means because its unaffordable for them (Tirado 2014). These stereotypes continue to survive because they are not directly challenged by society and are false representations targeting a group of people on the basis of oversimplification. In terms of the connection between poverty with health care access and the impact of government aid programs, rates of this connection vary across the globe. In order to properly assess this concept, the differences between developing nations and wealthier nations must be considered. First off, there is reasonable evidence to support the claim that many publicly financed forms of health care systems in various developing nations have failed to reach out to the groups of people who need it the most, which tends to be the poor (Wagstaff 2002). This critical issue should be studied and thoroughly evaluated by the governments of these nations and by their individual aid agencies in order to understand why this problem is persisting. On the contrary, wealthier and more developed nations face a different issue regarding health care and aid programs. The issue nations like the United States face revolve around the fact that the health care systems and the promotion of the services are reflected unequally at the household and individual level based on factors such as education, income rates, location of the homes, community life, and even specific aspects regarding household life (Wagstaff 2002). This idea suggests that policies should either be edited or changed all together in order to promote action that could be taken to reduce inequality on a smaller scale before tackling poverty as a whole. In addition, health care services and aid programs in the United States could potentially work to get more information from the poor on their access to the services and how available it is to the specific communities. Furthermore, many of these services that face the same problem would stand a better chance of helping poor communities by learning more about the issue together and allocating collective resources to more effectively reach out to those in need. Currently, there is a gap between the impoverished populations in the United States and the health care and aid systems that are explicitly designed to aid these groups of people. This divide is particularly prominent in rural America. In many communities across rural parts of America, the problem lies between access to the health care services and the status of these peoples health overall and consequently, many of these individuals rated their health as decent or poor in comparison to that of urban residents in other parts of America (Patrick et al 1988). It appears that an initiative is clearly lacking in regards to this situation and further measures in relation to distribution methods of health care services must be improved in order to fix this issue affecting rural communities in the United States. (Patrick et al 1988). The major issues su rrounding impoverished communities from not being able to receive benefits from health care and aid programs stems from a number of complications such as poor distribution methods of services, lack of information on poorer communities, and individual level aspects like income and education. Policies that work to counter these troubles must be reevaluated and structured in a way that will ensure new action will be taken to help these communities bounce back from their struggles that other parts of the nation have never experienced. The obstacle relating to a lack of satisfactory income that hurts many individuals, families, and communities is something that Tirado had accurately investigated on multiple levels. She implemented various methods, strategies, examples, and stories that contributed to her analyzation of what living in bootstrap America really looks like and how it can certainly take a toll on all involved. In correspondence to the research I had found, Tirados work was very in tune with much of the research, and both offered similar and contrasting ideas that allowed me to understand poverty and inequality in a whole new perspective. Her work was very centered on highlighting the experiences of poverty from an angle that focuses more on the individual and their resulting involvement in poverty, while some of my research targeted poverty on a broader scale and looked at the societal elements that are correlated with poverty. In addition, Tirado was able to effectively compare poverty within her book through the use of data and other methods. She addressed factors such as current income inequality rates in the United States, health care and government aid services impacts, and social implications and adverse effects of poverty that are still highly present today. Her book gives people who know little to nothing about the effects of poverty on families, communities, and individuals a first-hand story of what so many everyday people go through without many privileges and benefits that many others enjoy and take for granted. I think everyone should read this book because it will bring you an entirely new perspective on the social implications of poverty and why communities suffering in this state need to be helped in order to give all the chance at a better life. References Tirado, Linda. 2014. Hand to Mouth: Living in Bootstrap America. New York City, New York; G. P. Putnams Sons. Pilyoung, Kim, Gary W. Evans, Michael Angstadt, S. Shaun Ho, Chandra S. Sripada, James E. Swain, Israel Liberzon, and K Luan Phan. 2013. Effects of childhood poverty and chronic stress on emotion regulatory brain function in adulthood. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. Yoon Lee, Teng, Hsun-Mei, Lim Sin-How, Gallo, William T Hallym. 2005. Older Workers: Who are the working poor in the US?. International Journal of Aging. Arne L. Kalleberg, Reskin, Barbara F., Hudson, Ken. 2000. Bad Jobs in America: Standard and Nonstandard Employment Relations and Job Quality in the United States. Washington, D.C. American Sociological Review. Adam Wagstaff. 2002. Poverty and Health Sector Inequalities. Bulletin of the world health organization. Donald L. Patrick, Stein Jane, Porta Miquel, Porter Q. Carol, Ricketts C. Thomas. 1988. Poverty, Health Services, and Health Status in Rural America. University of Washington, Seattle. The Milbank Quarterly. Gabriella Flores, Krishnakumar Jaya, ODonnell Owen, Van Doorslaer Eddy. 2008. Coping with Health Care Costs: Implications for the Measurement of Catastrophic Expenditures and Poverty. U Geneva; U Geneva; U Macedonia; Erasmus U Rotterdam. Health Economics.

Essay on Article Review Soft vs Hard Management - 740 Words

This article was in the Harvard Business Review December of 2001. Is â€Å"hard† management the way to go or is the other way around is â€Å"soft† management the best way to manage? In the article Peace is arguing that soft managers are better managers than hard managers. Peace describes a hard manager as a person who is self-confident, arrogant, and thick skinned. While he describes a soft manager one that listens to criticism and takes time to notice employees opinions. If one has ever worked they have probably experienced hard and soft managers. In the article Peace describes two stories that illustrates the positive aspects to soft management. In the first story he tells of when he was a manager at Synthetic Fuels Division of Westinghouse. The†¦show more content†¦This was a very brave act that Pearce had done. Most hard managers would not have taken the time to let the employees know that they are respected. Most hard managers would have had their â€Å"puppets† break the bad news to the unlucky 15. Peace being the soft manager that he is showed compassion towards them, which also showed the remaining employees his compassion towards them. In the second story Peace was working as the vice president of Westinghouse Steam Turbine Division. In this story the focus is on Peace’s boss the president of the company, Gene. When Gene became the president of the company it was under a depression state in that it wasn’t making much of a profit at all. The workers were in a very brutal union that threatened those who even dared to cross picket lines. Gene understood the kind of people that he would be dealing with in trying to communicate the goals of the company to the entire work force. Instead of having the president of the union tell the work force about the companies goals, Gene decided he would do it a division at a time himself. When he done so he received much criticism while giving these presentations. Peace did not understand why Gene would do this to himself, but after a few weeks as Gene walked about the floor he received nods of gratitude. Gene had made a gesture of friendship to the workforce by doing i t himself. This is another form of soft management andShow MoreRelatedWhat Makes A Successful Nurse Leader?1624 Words   |  7 Pagesare leaders already without even knowing it. With the proper preparation and guidance, all nurses have the potential to be great leaders and managers. Manager vs. leader The terms manager and leader are often used interchangeably, but in reality they possess very different qualities. It can be said that leaders need to have some management skills, but managers do not need to possess leadership qualities. 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Slavery And Its Impact On Slavery - 2055 Words

Introduction: To determine whether or not slavery helped or hindered the confederacy there needs to be an overview on the change, continuity, cause, consequence, significance and perspective of slavery. Slavery originated from the southern states and was slowly progressing towards the Free states. Slavery lasted from 1625- 1865, that’s close to a quarter of a century. Although slavery officially ended in 1865, there were many long term effects that resulted between the whites and blacks. There was segregation, and hatred between the two social classes which resulted in different perspectives and views. There were many consequences that resulted from slavery especially towards the whites. As years later progressed there was hatred towards the whites and whites hating on their own race for the mistakes that they’ve caused. In reality there were many different perspectives towards slavery in different states. Some states were happy without slavery and other states had a de mand towards slave states. Overall slavery was something that changed and shaped America. It caused both good and bad things to form but it was an investment for whites to be slaveholders, especially down south and they were trying to make it any way possible to create more states slave states. That’s what leads to the question: Did slavery help or hinder the Confederacy? This question will be focusing on the slave states, confederacy and the Civil war in particular to help analyze and answerShow MoreRelatedSlavery And Its Impact On Slavery1890 Words   |  8 Pagessociety that is affected by its history slavery is a topic that nearly everyone has been educated on. 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Corporate Law for Profiles - Factors and Impacts - myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theCorporate Law for Profiles, Factors and Impacts. Answer: The Australian Insolvency Law legalizes the situation of companies in financial anguish and is not capable to pay off the obligations. The law related to insolvency are administered by the Corporation Act 2001. As per the Australian law, insolvency is used in position to the companies and economic failure (Milman, 2017). The law attempt to look for stability in linking the competing interest of debtors and creditors when they are unable to fulfil their financial obligation. The legislative aim is to provide a fair procedure to handle the insolvency cases, to ensure pari passu equivalent allotment amongst the creditors and to make sure a rightly claim against the insolvent company (Finch, 2002). The company directors have a duty under the Corporations Act 2001(Cth) to protect a company against debts. In case of reasonable possibilities, when a company is not capable to pay out the debts. A liquidator can precede an action against the director in case of non-fulfilment of duty. The amount of an insolvent trading claim which a liquidator is unable to claim is taken from a companys director. The Australian Securities Investments Commission (ASIC) has published the early signs of insolvency that might occur due to Ongoing losses, Poor cash flow, nonexistence of a company arrangement, an Incomplete financial assets, Increasing debt, troubles selling stock, Unrecoverable loans, Problems in gathering finance, an incapability to lift up funds from shareholders, unsettled taxes, disputes and an Increased level of complaints (Luck, 2016). The breach of law by directors enabled a Liquidator to recuperate property from a director. In case if a director is removed for contravening right s or for misusing business property, he would be contravene of their duty of good faith and may announce the contract as voidable (Quinlan, 2015). These attempts found to recuperate the property from the director. An individual found of breaching his duties can affect the director. The breach in the duty to use logical care and diligence is found liable for compensation if the company undergo loss as a consequence of the breach. The director will be held personally liable for such an act that questions his position in the company. This put him under civil as well as criminal liabilities. The Corporations Act codifies duties into sections 180 to 183 of the statute in case of violation. The statute is effective in case of breach by the director (Swab Attorney, 2009). SECT 588G of the Corporation Act 2001 provides with Director's duty to stop insolvent trading by company. As per the act the director of an insolvent company is in person legally responsible for the insolvent trading if he was the director at the time when company incurred debts, secondly if the company was insolvent at the time when debt incurred, Thirdly, if there are plenty of evidences to believe that the company is insolvent and lastly if a rational person at the position of the director is aware about the insolvency. A director found under the reach is subject to civil penalty by ASIC. As a director, the important areas to manage the personal liability include: Acting as a guarantor over personal assets; Debts acquired when the company turned insolvent and incur loss caused by a breach of directors duties, unlawful phoenix activity (CORPORATIONS ACT 2001 - SECT 588G, 2017). The liquidator has a responsibility to examine the company's officers in order to settle on whether there is any legal responsibility for no matter what has been done in previous to the company undergoing liquidation. When the directors is found guilty of insolvent trading or misfeasance, they give the foundation for monetary claim against them (Gupta, 2017). The liquidator employs this to enlarge the possessions obtainable for sharing them to the creditors. Liquidation is a process through which the assets are collected by the liquidator and the profits are discharged all applicable debts and liabilities. The remaining cost and expenses on winding up when distributed among the members as per the respective interest. An organization is wounded either through the voluntary process or by the order given by the court. There are 3 different types of winding up process: members voluntary winding up, creditors winding up and a compulsory winding up as per the direction of the court. The me mbers decision regarding the winding up is a voluntary process that involves opinion of each and every individual in the organization. The direction has to file a declaration stating the status of the company. Compulsory winding up depend upon the discretion of the court. The court might give order regarding the wind up of the organization. It is a mandatory situation where an individual apply to the court for permanent winding up of the company. Number of people has a locus standi to carry out the process of liquidation. The corporation act provides with several duties to codify the degree of diligence regarding the concept. It is the duty of the director to act in good faith for gaining organizational goal (CORPORATIONS ACT 2001 - SECT 182 Use of position--civil obligations, 2017.). A person using information in an improper way is penalized under civil and criminal liabilities. He cannot use his position for self interest or detrimental to the company. The director of the company is personally liable for insolvent trading. An individual contravening duties mentioned in sec 180-183 of the corporation act is personally liable and is subject to civil penalty order up to AUD 2, 00,000. The civil penalties are tremendously high and director might be asked to pay the compensation for the loss suffered. Moreover the officers of the company are liable for the criminal liabilities if in case there is a recklessness and dishonesty in exercising power. In most of the cases compulsory liquidation that will usually begin by individual creditors. The liquidator has an obligation to investigate company officers and to decide the liability related the companys solvency status (CORPORATIONS ACT 2001 - SECT 180 Care and diligence--civil obligation only.2017). The liquidator might use to enlarge the assets that are obtainable for the distribution. Section 184 of the Corporations Act obliges penalties connecting criminal offences against the breach of duties by a director. In a ddition, in the occasion of insolvency, or there is a risk of insolvency, the duties of an individual extend to the diverse stakeholders, like the companys creditors and employees. In this respect Section 588G stop insolvent trading by a company (CORPORATIONS ACT 2001 - SECT 184 .2017). ASIC's quarterly insolvency statistics in the last quarter of the 2016/17 has shown an increase of 28% in companies entering external administration. The total number of Appointments totalled 2,198 in contrast to 1,717 in the previous quarter. It was 3.7% lower than the 2016 June quarter. The total percentage of companies entering EXAD for the quarter in consideration with the new company is below 4 %( Insolvency Statistics, 2017). Personal and corporate solvencies are administered under the different legislation. When a company becomes insolvent it is placed in one of the forms of external administration where the directors leave the company control to a liquidator who conducts the company affairs. At present there are three main forms of external administration available to the companies. Voluntary Administration is a process that began by appointment of an administrator to a company who conducts the affair of the company (Innes, 2016). Debts acquired when the company turned insolvent and incur loss caused by a breach of directors duties, unlawful activity Suring this process the administrator ascertain the financial difficulties and recommend the creditor about the winding up process. The company needs not to be insolvent in order to enter into VA. The process is initiated when it is stated in the board resolution that the company is insolvent or likely to become insolvent in future. Receivership is institut ed by secured creditors by appointing a receiver to enforce security (Doyle and Keay, 2016). The right to appoint a receiver is to permit the secured creditors to exercise their rights. An appointment of an external administrator to some or all of the company is due to some common triggers. This type of liquidation is carried after the order of the court. It is carried out by discharging the liabilities and dividing any surplus assets to the members (Wellard and Mason, 2015). A company with a realistic prospect survives the financial difficulties. In such a situation a company wishes to enter into a non-liquidation agreement. VA and performance of a company agreement are required to be synchronized under Part 5.3 A of the Corporation Act 2001. The overall reason is to give company an opportunity to be managed in a way where there are chances of maximizing the chances of existence of the company or if not possible for the company to survive, at least gives better return to the creditors and the members of the company. The hopeful result of the VA procedure is the implementation of a DOCA. If the DOCA is performed it will generate one more administration, ruled by the conditions of the DOCA. It is administered under the Part 5.3A. These two are in fact separate administrations. The aim of DOCA is to create better results for the organization in order to manage the results. The company can use the opportunities in a better way till it is been liquidated. The y get an opportunity to do trade and to pursue the desired outcome till the time final order is not received (Buchan et al 2015). Few advantages of a DOCA is that an officer is not considered as an officers, creditors will no longer be pressurized for payment on the company, insolvent trading maintain beside the directors cannot be commence; the organization is based to bring forward tax profit as presumption next to any prospective earnings; lastly, the company can renew its company throughout the DOCA period (Chapple and Routledge, 2015). To conclude, the law related to insolvency is administered by the Corporation Act 2001. The essay includes the law relating to insolvency in Australia and showcases the liabilities of the directors. Insolvency in an organization brings director under scrutiny and effect the company. The company as per the act is wound up by the three process: either by the court order, by creditors or by the members of the company this describes the scope of the act and provide with the wider approach to deal with the situation in case of insolvency. The law attempt to gather stability by linking the competing interest of debtors and creditors. The corporation Act 2001 provides liabilities of the director. The legislative intention is to offer a fair procedure to handle the insolvency cases. It is mandatory from the point of view of equivalent allotment amongst the creditors in order to make surety regarding the right claim made to the party. The essay compiles all the important obligations need to b e followed in order to manage the provisions mentioned in the act regarding it. References Buchan, J., Frazer, L., Zhen Qu, C. and Nicholls, R., 2015. Franchisor Insolvency in Australia: Profiles, Factors, and Impacts.Journal of Marketing Channels,22(4), pp.311-332. Chapple, L. and Routledge, J., 2015. External administration in corporate insolvency and reorganisation: The insider alternative.Insolvency Law Journal,23, pp.69-80. CORPORATIONS ACT 2001 - SECT 180 Care and diligence--civil obligation only.2017. Online. Available at: https://www.austlii.edu.au/cgi-bin/viewdoc/au/legis/cth/consol_act/ca2001172/s180.html Accessed on: 20 September 2017 CORPORATIONS ACT 2001 - SECT 182 Use of position--civil obligations,2017. Online. Available at: https://www.austlii.edu.au/cgi-bin/viewdoc/au/legis/cth/consol_act/ca2001172/s182.html Accessed on: 20 September 2017 CORPORATIONS ACT 2001 - SECT 184 Good faith, use of position and use of information--criminal offences. 2017. Online. Available at: https://www6.austlii.edu.au/cgi-bin/viewdoc/au/legis/cth/consol_act/ca2001172/s184.html Accessed on: 20 September 2017 CORPORATIONS ACT 2001 - SECT 588G, 2017. Online. Available at: https://www.austlii.edu.au/cgi-bin/viewdoc/au/legis/cth/consol_act/ca2001172/s588g.html Accessed on: 20 September 2017 Doyle, L.G. and Keay, A., 2016.Insolvency Legislation. Jordans.. Finch, V., 2002.Corporate insolvency law: perspectives and principles. Cambridge University Press. Gupta, N.2017. Insolvency laws in Australia. Online. Available at: https://www.aph.gov.au/About_Parliament/Parliamentary_Departments/Parliamentary_Library/pubs/BriefingBook45p/InsolvencyLaws Accessed on: 20 September 2017 Innes, K., 2016. Australian insolvency law: Cases and materials [Book Review].Ethos: Official Publication of the Law Society of the Australian Capital Territory, (240), p.61. Insolvency Statistics,2017.Online, Available at: https://asic.gov.au/regulatory-resources/find-a-document/statistics/insolvency-statistics/ Accessed on: 20 September 2017 Luck, K., 2016. Australia's insolvency law overhaul.The Australian Corporate Lawyer,26(1), pp.24-26. Milman, D., 2017.Personal insolvency law, regulation and policy. Routledge. Quinlan,M.2015. Formal Reorganisation in Australia. Online. Available at: https://www.allens.com.au/pubs/pdf/insol/pap15mar05.pdf Accessed on: 20 September 2017 Swab Attorney, 2009. Australia: An Introduction To Insolvency Law - Part One. Online. Available at: https://www.mondaq.com/australia/x/79816/Insolvency+Bankruptcy/An+Introduction+To+Insolvency+Law+Part+One Accessed on: 20 September 2017 Wellard, M.N. and Mason, R.F., 2015. Global rules on conflict-of-laws matters in international insolvency law cases: An Australian perspective.Insolvency Law Journal,23(1), pp.5-30.

Stapler free essay sample

Design efficiency = (number of functional component / total ) x 100 Major component: superstructure x2, loading component, pin holder, flexor, spring, pin No. functional component = 6 Total no. component = 9 Design effictencr (6/9)x100 = 66. 67% i) Suitability A breakdown of how the unit is currently manufactured and associated costs a) Sequence of assembly: 1 . Flexor + top superstructure + PVC holder 2. Bottom superstructure + PVC holder 3. Loading compartment + Pin holder + Spring 4. step 1 + step 2+ step 3+ Pin b) Assembly process 1 . The assembly process for the bottom and top superstructure is almost similar which they used hot stamping machine to assemble the PVC holder to the superstructure. The hot stamping machine use pressure and heat to imprint the PVC holder to fit on the superstructure. 2. To assemble the loading compartment, pin holder and spring, manpower is used. 3. After the above is done, the stapler is to be assembled to be one which c) Labour cost a pin is tlxed Example: production: 1 million unit of stapler per month 3 shift time taken to assembly 1 unit 0 2 minutes RM1500 per month per worker 26 working days 3 shift (20 hours) 1 person per shift = 6. We will write a custom essay sample on Stapler or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 67 hours = 400. 2 minutes 2 minutes per unit, 1 shift = 200 units 3 shift 0 600 units/day 26 days 0 15600 unit/worker 1 million units = (1 workers Labour cost = (64 X RM1500)/ 1 million = RMO. 096/unit = RMO. 0/unit To reduce the labour cost, the assembly time per unit needs to be reduced. The assembly time per unit can be reduced to 1. 5 minute. To reduce the time, one of the sequences of the assembly process need to be reduced and hence the number of parts of the stapler need to be reduced. Therefore, with the time reduce to 1. 5 minute, the labour cost per unit is reduced to RMO. 75. d) Identify human error For the hot stamping machine, the time set by human might not be accurate which the time taken to applied on the product might be too fast. If the time is too long it might melt the product For the assembly part where human effort is needed, which is the assembly of the spring, the direction of hook might be opposite or the spring is not placed properly that the spring will be easily off. e) For the stamping process, there is stamping machine with combination process. While to hook the spring to the load compartment, human is needed. Finally the last process which is to gather the parts to one, human will put in a pin into the parts. ) Conclusion The assembly process of the design can still be simplified. Some process can be improved by using machine. The parts of the stapler can be simplified. (iii) Manutacturing process a) Parts of stapler: Top superstructure, bottom superstructure, spring, flexor, PVC holder, loading compartment, pin holder, pin b) Superstructure: This part is manufactured using stamping machine. Flat sheet metal material are laced between punch and die. When the punch pushes the material, the shape o f the punch will shear from the sheet. This process is a very cost-efficient way of mass production stampings because it does not require manpower to hold the material. Spring formation: Coil springs are wound around rods and heat-treated, to be pulled apart and pressed together, and still return to its original wound up condition. Flexor: A thin piece of steel is cut into the shape wanted is rolled or bent to its proper shape. To produce changes in the metals characteristics which gives the flexor more lasticity, the flexor is heated to a temperature which will cause internal stresses. PVC Holder: The pvc holders are made by injecting liquified plastic into a die, which is injection molding. The liquid flows into the open void and is then cooled, the shape of PVC holder is formed. Loading compartment pin holder: These parts are manufactured by stamping and brake forming which the desired shape is punch out and the bending part is bent simultaneously. The pin is made through forging process. As the pin is used as a hinge point for top and bottom half of the stapler, it is made from a strong, heat-treatable metal. Percentage of net shape manufacturing d) Finishing process Painting: As required to prevent rust or for cosmetic reasons, some components are painted. Some automatic painting operations employ electrostatic spraying, where the parts and paint are electrically charged. This method eliminates wasted paint. e) Cost of each manufacturing process Labour cost Material cost Go where find? f- Conclusion 2. List out DFM Rules ( one by one ) a) Reduce the total nu mber of parts. The reduction of the number of parts in a product is probably the best opportunity for reducing manufacturing costs. Less parts implies less purchases, inventory, handling, processing time, development time, equipment, engineering time, assembly difficulty, service inspection, testing, etc. b) Develop a modular design. The use of modules in product design simplifies manufacturing activities such as inspection, testing, assembly. These modules add versatility to product update in the redesign process, help run tests before the final assembly is put together, and allow the use of standard components to minimize product variations. c) Use of standard components. Standard components are less xpensive than custom-made items. d) Design parts to be multi-functional. Multi- functional parts reduce the total number of parts in a design, thus, obtaining the benefits given in rule 1 . e) Design parts for multi-use. In a manufacturing firm, different products can share parts that have been designed for multi-use. These parts can have the same or different functions when used in different products. f) Design for ease of fabrication. Select the optimum combination between the material and fabrication process to minimize the overall manufacturing cost. Final operations uch as painting, polishing, should be avoided. g) Avoid separate fasteners. The use of fasteners increases the cost of manufacturing a part due to the handling and feeding operations that have to be performed. Minimize the number, size, and variation used; also, utilize standard components whenever possible. h) Minimize assembly directions. All parts should be assembled from one direction. If possible, the best way to add parts is from above, in a vertical direction, parallel to the gravitational direction (downward). In this way, the effects of gravity help the ssembly process, contrary to having to compensate for its effect when other directions are chosen. i) Maximize compliance. Errors can occur during insertion operations due to variations in part dimensions or on the accuracy of the positioning device used. This faulty behavior can cause damage to the part or to the equipment. j) Minimize handling. Handling consists of positioning, orienting, and fixing a part or component. To facilitate orientation, symmetrical parts should be used whenever possible. b- Compare with existing design (see match with DFM rules or not)

Knowing Your Audience When Choosing a Magazine Topic

Knowing Your Audience When Choosing a Magazine Topic There are as many magazines as there are special interests and nowhere is this more evident than the magazine racks of your local major bookseller. You can find magazines about gardens, magazines about guns, magazines about guns and gardens, and just about everything in between. So if youre a freelance writer, how do you get your foot in the door of an industry with such a wide variety of published topics and actually make good money at it?The answer is simple: find an audience you know well and write for them.Knowing your audience is one of the top qualifications for writing for a particular magazine- right up there with being a decent writer. If you know the audience, everything concerning voice, tone and content will fall into place naturally for you.Below are the primary considerations you should make when choosing the audience for which you want to write, and the concepts you should keep in mind when choosing a topic, tone and writing style for that audience.DemographicsDemograp hics play a major role in many magazines success or failure. Without the right demographics in a publications readership, the magazine risks failure from the onset. Thats why marketers for the magazines advertising sales will be focusing on demographics before the magazines first issue even goes to print.Demographics concentrate on the age, location, marital status, income level, education level and even racial profile of the magazines readership. With ads targeting a particular demographic (for example, college-educated, professional, single African American women), the magazine can ensure that those ads reach the right audience through careful attention to content that will attract that demographics interest. Editors are less likely to accept content that might not appeal to the magazines readership for this reason alone- its truly all about money and it has to be. Without the ad sales to companies wishing to target a particular demographic, most magazines cant stay afloat financi ally. Its all a simple matter of numbers and audience appeal, regardless of how riveting your content might be.TrendsFocusing on trends within a particular demographic is a great way to determine the type of content the editor of a magazine would be most likely to accept and approve for publication. One easy way to do this is to find a magazine that contains ads and content focused on your own demographic, whatever that might be. No one is better aware of demographic trends than a person within that demographic, because you know what interests you and your friends. You know what your demographic is doing, talking about, tweeting about, posting about or passing time with on a day-to-day basis. That knowledge gives you the unique qualification of writing for your own demographic effortlessly.For this reason, many freelancers begin their search for publishing venues by querying the magazines they read, themselves. This puts you in a unique place of knowing the content and knowing the a udience well, since you have been reading the magazine for some time and are familiar with the type of articles they tend to run.However, the downside to this is that focusing on a magazine with a large, established readership makes querying more difficult. Such magazine editors receive hundreds of queries per day and yours will inevitably end up at the bottom of a line of emails or a stack of mail that might not be answered quickly. A delay like that is enough to put the damper on any freelance writers dream of being published in a magazine, which brings us to the third point†¦Size mattersIf you take a moment to look at the magazines provided for free at local restaurants or grocery stores, youre likely to find a few upstart regional magazines that have a broader demographic readership base and are more willing to answer your query quickly. These smaller publications often pay freelancers a reasonable rate, although it might not be quite as high as the larger publications pay. If you are seeking a way to get published often and build a portfolio, however, the smaller publications are just the ticket. The editors running them are often more willing to hire local and a few feature assignments could easily turn into a steady gig writing a regular column or section for these types of magazines. The demographic focus is almost always broad (an audience within your region), so you already know what that audience wants to read.This should in no way keep you from querying the big guys. Youll still have the opportunity to focus on your dream of being published in a national or international publication, even if youre writing more for a small, regional one. In fact, if you go this route, youll have a lot more publishing credit under your belt when querying the larger magazines and a lot more experience with the process, allowing you to fine-tune your skills and eventually get published in the magazines you prefer.Grow with your audienceThe most significant factor y oull discover about choosing the right audience is that as a freelance writer, youll tend to grow with your audience if you focus on the right things. If there is a particular topic that your expertise particularly shines in, keep writing about that topic and submitting your writing to magazines, even the smaller, regional ones. If no magazine wants the article, start a blog and place those articles there, allowing it to be a sort of personal interest portfolio space for you that shows your most quality writing. Youll find that time spent writing those pieces is not wasted, regardless of where it is published, and you will start to gather a growing audience that is also interested in that niche topic- even if its through a blog. This same audience will be anxious to read anything you write and isnt that the point of writing in the first place?

Possible Reform Measures to the Stafford Act to Make It More Essay

Possible Reform Measures to the Stafford Act to Make It More Functional in Todays Society - Essay Example The Stafford Act was meant to agitate states and local authorities to develop a comprehensive disaster preparedness protocols and plans. These were meant to enable and facilitate better intergovernmental coordination in the event of a disaster (Farber & Chen, 2006). The act stipulated that both public and private entities be encouraged to seek insurance cover to help them absorb losses incurred due to the destruction of property and assets in these calamities. The act also recommends federal assistance programs and interventions for losses due to a disaster(Farber & Chen, 2006). The Stafford Act was able to instigate the creation of a system through which a president could declare a disaster emergency. This declaration triggers financial and physical interventions through the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). Through FEMA, the Act gives the agency the power and responsibility of coordinating government sanctioned relief efforts(Farber & Chen, 2006). The New Orleans disaster was caused by Hurricane Katrina that was characterized by massive flooding, which led to the destruction of property and loss of life. According to Title I of the Stafford Act, the federal government can only intervene after an occurrence has been determined to be a disaster by the president(Farber & Chen, 2006). This is a major weakness to the Act because the people of New Orleans suffered a great deal before the then president declared hurricane Katrina as a disaster.  Under the Act, the federal government can shoulder the burden of financing local authority’s obligations if the damage caused by the disaster was to such an extent that the local government can not function. FEMA is tasked with the responsibility of assessing the situation of the affected area and formulating measures that alleviate the negative impact of the disaster. FEMA officials are federal employees, and they are mostly not in touch with the immediate needs of the locals in af fected areas.